Physical activity as a standard cancer treatment.

exposure would thus continue to contribute to the burden of cancer from DEE. Th ese results indicate that stringent occupational and particularly environmental standards for DEE should be set and compliance ensured to have an impact on health outcomes. In the occupational situation, in addition to lower emission and more effi cient engines, reduction in DEE can be achieved through: 1) engineering controls such as improved ventilation and regular maintenance of vehicles; 2) improving worker practices such as limiting the number of vehicles, particularly in closed spaces, and turning off engines when not in use; and 3) as a last resort, the use of appropriate respiratory protective equipment. Reduction in the general environment presents more of a challenge, although some of the occupational control measures are also relevant. However, the necessity for such reduction is becoming increasingly apparent and is essential if the health of large numbers of people is not to be compromised. particulate phase of diesel-engine exhausts and the carcinogenicity of exhaust extracts. The diesel exhaust in miners study: a cohort mortality study with emphasis on lung cancer. The diesel exhaust in miners study: a nested case-control study of lung cancer and diesel exhaust. Adequate physical activity is a cornerstone of physical health and mental well-being. Many cancer survivors who have a good prognosis are at higher risk of dying from other causes, such as cardio-vascular diseases, and could possibly reap the same benefits of exercise as individuals without a cancer diagnosis. Furthermore, the physical and mental stresses of a cancer diagnosis, including side effects of treatments, present the cancer survivor with additional challenges. An increasing body of literature, including randomized trials, demonstrates the benefits of physical activity on physiological parameters, quality of life, functional status, fatigue, and depression for at least some cancers. Despite acknowledging potential risks of some specific physical activities at certain intensities for some subgroups of cancer survivors, many organizations, such as the now advocate physical activity for cancer survivors. Details regarding the type, duration, and intensity of exercise will have to be tailored to the individual patient, depending on various factors such as age, physical health, specific cancer, and treatments; however, the vast majority of patients will likely benefit to some degree from physical activity. In this issue of the Journal, Ballard-Barbash et al. (5) extensively review the potential effects of physical activity on cancer-specific and all-cause mortality. They also summarized the effect …